The dark green, leathery leaves are elliptical, 4 to 8 inches long. The branches form roots that stretch towards the ground to penetrate and take hold, forming alternate trunks.
This effect can make the tree spread out over quite a large area; some specimens are among the largest trees in the world in terms of canopy coverage, covering several acres. This is a common street plant in tropical Asian countries, occasionally grown as a interesting specimen tree in large private landscapes. The Chinese banyan is another species known as a strangling fig. This tree is commonly used as a street tree in tropical areas, and it is also a common specimen in bonsai gardening.
As the Latin species name tells you, the fruits are small for figs. Like the Indian banyan, this tree can form aerial trunks that allow the canopy to spread over a large distance—spreads of feet or more have been reported. This tree has naturalized in some regions of the tropical U. Regionally, it may carry different common names, including Malayan banyan, Cuban Banyon, and Indian fig.
Ficus congesta is a smallish rainforest fig tree. The fruits of this Ficus species grow in clusters on the trunk as well as on the branches—another common name for this plant is cluster fig. New leaves are reddish in color when they unfurl. This ficus is rarely grown in ornamental landscape applications, but it serves as a parent species for several useful hybrid ficus varieties. This is the ficus species that produces the edible figs sold in most stores—unless you live in the tropics where other figs are common.
The fruit of the common fig is notably rich in vitamins and minerals, and many of these trees, especially some cultivars, are able to produce fruit even without pollination in a process called parthenocarpy.
This is a deciduous tree or large shrub with smooth white bark and 5 to inch-long lobed leaves. It forms the same wide, dome-shaped canopy found in banyans and many other ficus species. In landscape applications, the common fig is often positioned in areas with run-off ravines and gullies, since it has an extensive root system that can seek out water while stabilizing banks and slopes.
This plant will do very well in any climate consistent with the conditions of the Mediterranean or Middle Eastern region. It can survive in some more temperate regions if planted in a sheltered south or west location.
This species is a fast-growing woody evergreen vine that can attach itself to the walls of buildings and can be hard to remove it's also commonly known as a climbing fig.
Bright green, heart shaped leaves mature to an oval dark green. Fruits are inedible. This drought-tolerant plant can be trained around wire frames to create topiaries, and is often used as a houseplant.
This ficus species has large leathery leaves up to 18 inches similar in shape to a fiddle, inspiring the common name. This plant, too, acts as a strangler fig in its native habitat, often beginning life high in the crown of another tree, then gradually smothering the host tree as it sends roots down toward the ground. Ripens in the fall. The fruit becomes increasingly sweet with hot summer weather. With a slightly coarse texture, Kadota figs are ideal for drying, canning, or preserves.
Growth Habits: Violette de Bordeaux is a semi-dwarf fig tree variety that is great for small spaces. It can reach 10 to 12 feet if planted in the ground, but is container-friendly where the size can be further managed. Fruit Characteristics: Small purplish black fruit with red pulp and a luscious complex berry flavor.
Excellent for fresh eating, baking, or preserving. Other Unique Facts: Violette de Bordeaux is known to have one of the most sweet and rich flavor profiles of all the fig varieties! Thrives in dry heat as well as humidity, though fruit may crack more in wet conditions.
Buy Violette de Bordeaux fig trees online here. Cold-Hardy to : One of the more cold-hardy fig varieties. While the branches may die off during such extreme cold, the rootstock can survive down to negative 20 degrees F! Growth Habits: Compact bushy growth and container-friendly. Mature trees reach 10 to 12 feet. Fruit Characteristics: Chicago Hardy figs are medium size and have burgundy purple skin with light pink flesh.
Breba or Main Crop: An early producing main crop late summer to early fall with a very light or lacking breba crop — especially if the old growth was hit by extreme cold the previous winter.
Other Unique Facts: Chicago Hardy figs are prized for their cold-hardiness, easygoing nature, versatile fruit use great fresh or preserve and also their abundant yield!
Mature Chicago Hardy figs can bear upwards of figs per season. Like Desert King, the Excel fig variety is well-adapted to a wide range of climates and produces sweet fruit even in areas with cooler summers. Growth Habits: 12 to 20 feet, most commonly maxing out at 12 to 15 high and wide at full maturity. Fruit Characteristics: Medium to large sized yellow-green fruit with amber pulp.
Very sweet, rich, delicious honey flavor. The fruit are resistant to splitting as they become ripe, even under adverse conditions. Breba or Main Crop: Two crops per year, with a light breba crop and more robust main crop. Buy Excel fig trees online here. Fruit Characteristics: The green skin changes to a light yellowish green when ripe and has amber pink colored flesh.
Living up to its name, the flavor is delightfully sweet with notes of honey. Breba or Main Crop: Known for two bountiful crops per year, a strong breba and main crop. Fruit Characteristics: Very large fruit with yellowish-green skin and light honey yellow to rose colored pulp.
Wonderful sweet honey berry flavor, excellent for fresh eating but also great for preserving. Other Unique Facts: This fig tree variety tends to be a heavy and consistent bearer, even from a young age.
White Genoa grows and ripens best in cooler coastal or temperate climates. Growth Habits: Medium growth rate. Either way, it is known to be container-friendly. Fruit Characteristics: Medium-size, round figs with greenish yellow skin and amber colored flesh. Reliably bears very sweet, tender, high quality fruit with a syrup-like honey flavor. Superb for eating fresh.
Other Unique Facts: Native to Sicily , this fig variety ripens best in climates with warm summers. Temperate coastal zones can create warmer microclimates by planting the tree along a sunny south-facing wall or fence.
Growth Habits: Fast-growing, medium-size tree that will reach 8 to 15 feet tall and 8 to 10 feet wide. Fruit Characteristics: Very large fruit with light yellow green skin and a rosy blush, and pink to red inner pulp.
Offers a richly sweet flavor and is excellent for fresh eating, drying or preserves. Known to be a heavy producer. Container-friendly and heat tolerant. Growth Habits: LSU purple is a smaller fig tree variety, reaching 8 to 10 feet and considered fully mature at 5 years of age.
Ideal for containers. Fruit Characteristics: Medium-sized purple fruit with light raspberry colored flesh. Extra-sweet flavor with hints of caramel, brown sugar, dates and persimmon. Breba or Main Crop: May bear up to three crops per year in climates with warm winters — with a light breba crop in spring, the heaviest main crop in summer, and potential small crop in fall through winter. Oversimplification often leads to errors even by experts in the field.
What A Fig Tree Needs: 1. A wasp-pollinated Calimyrna fig containing numerous seed-bearing drupelets minute ripened ovaries. The seed-bearing drupelets nutlets impart a superior nutty flavor to the fig newton right. The pollination process is accomplished by a minute, symbiotic wasp by the name of Blastophaga psenes. Left: A dozen female Blastophaga psenes crammed into the ostiole of receptive profichi syconium of a caprifig.
Photographed 25 March These winged female wasps came from the overwintering mamme crop on the caprifig tree. Right: Fig wasps Pleistodontes imperialis from rustyleaf fig Ficus rubiginosa compared with the "eye" of an ordinary sewing needle. These figs do not require pollination. They develop sweet seedless fruits syconia without fig wasps. They are just two of the hundreds of parthenocarpic cultivars of Ficus carica. According to some fig connoisseurs, pollination produces a more delicious fig with a superior nutty flavor due to the seeds.
There is also a parthenocarpic variety of sycomore fig Ficus sycomorus that bears ripe edible , seedless fruit syconia without wasp pollination. This is similar to parthenocarpic varieties of the common fig F. Left: ' Brown Turkey ' , a parthenocarpic variety cultivar of the common fig Ficus carica. Right: Another parthenocarpic variety of F.
It produces a heavy 2nd main crop late in the fall October-November. The syconia have a green outer skin and strawberry interior. This is the most delicious, sweet fig that I have ever eaten. Although it is parthenocarpic, my figs contain seeds because fig wasps are living in a nearby caprifig male tree at my home!
The fig species discussed by Goor is the common edible fig Ficus carica. This tree was cultivated for its fruit more than 5, years ago and is native to the region between the Mediterranean and Black Seas, sometimes referred to as the ancient region of Caria in Asia Minor. It is a dioecious species with separate male and female trees, and a symbiotic pollinator wasp Blastophaga psenes that is propagated inside the fruits syconia of male trees called caprifigs. It grows wild over a large area, including southern Europe and the Middle East.
Goor stated that Ficus carica grew wild in the Holy Land thousands of years ago; however, this doesn't necessarily mean that it was truly native indigenous to the Holy Land. It may have been introduced by people to this region, either by seeds or cuttings. Ficus carica and its symbiotic wasp have even been introduced into California, including male and female trees that grow wild in San Diego County.
In fact, the symbiotic wasps live in caprifigs that produces three crops of inedible figs syconia each year, including a wasp-bearing, overwintering mamme crop that remains on the bare branches when the tree is devoid of leaves.
T here are several varieties of male caprifigs and hundreds of varieties of female Ficus carica trees, some of which develop delicious, seedless, parthenocarpic fruits that do not require pollination.
There are also varieties in which the female trees will shed their entire crop if they are not pollinated by the symbiotic fig wasp. These varieties have been selected by people over countless centuries.
The trees are readily propagated by cuttings and were transported and cultivated by people thousands of years ago. Apparently many ancient civilizations were aware of the fact that Ficus carica required pollination in order to produce edible, seed-bearing fruits, a process called caprification. Buddha obtained his knowledge while he was sitting under the fig tree. After gaining a little insight into this miraculous tree species, it is important to learn about the types of fig trees.
The Adriatic fig tree is native to the Mediterranean region. The figs on it are light green skinned and have pink flesh when they are fresh. Because their sugar content is really high, the figs grown on this tree are usually dried so they can be used in fig bars or fig pastes.
The Adriatic fig tree is considered to be self-pollinating and the fruits have thin skin with scrumptiously sweet pulp. Alma fig trees ripen later in the season and the fruits are rich in flavor, but they do not have an appealing look at first sight. The alma fig tree is sensitive to snow and frost, which is why they should not be grown more than miles from Mexico. This variety is relatively new it has been around since and considered one of the tastiest fig types.
The Alma fig can be eaten fresh or be canned. Because they have dark patches on their skin, it makes people think about bacterial infections on. The fruit is medium sized, yellow in color and has small seeds. The black mission fig tree can grows 10 to 30 feet which is considered quite large and it can live for a long time if it is being taken care of properly.
The black mission fig tree originates from California and produces high-quality figs. The tree is named after mission father that introduced this dark purple skin that turns black as it dried.
The pulp of the fruit is pink. Similar to the other fig trees, this tree produces fruits two times a year as well. If the figs over-ripen, the skin of the medium-sized fruit cracks open. The brown fig tree is well-known for its 25 feet height and extensive spread. They are generally appreciated for the fruit and foliage they produce, instead of the blooms.
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