These include diabetes and high blood pressure. But you may need a GFR test if you are at higher risk of getting kidney disease. Risk factors include:. Later stage kidney disease does cause symptoms. So you may need a GFR test if you have any of the following symptoms:.
A health care professional will take a blood sample from a vein in your arm, using a small needle. After the needle is inserted, a small amount of blood will be collected into a test tube or vial.
You may feel a little sting when the needle goes in or out. This usually takes less than five minutes. You may need to fast not eat or drink or avoid certain foods for several hours before the test. Your health care provider will let you know if there are any special instructions to follow. There is very little risk to having a blood test.
You may have slight pain or bruising at the spot where the needle was put in, but most symptoms go away quickly. Learn more about laboratory tests, reference ranges, and understanding results. Although damage to your kidneys is usually permanent, you can take steps to prevent further damage. Steps may include:. Glomerular filtration rates in Asians. Generation of a new cystatin C-based estimating equation for glomerular filtration rate by use of 7 assays standardized to the international calibrator.
Accuracy of GFR estimating equations combining standardized cystatin C and creatinine assays: a cross-sectional study in Sweden. Estimating glomerular filtration rate for the full age spectrum from serum creatinine and cystatin C. Grams, M. Trends in the prevalence of reduced GFR in the United States: a comparison of creatinine- and cystatin C-based estimates. Matsushita, K. JAMA , — Shlipak, M. Cystatin C versus creatinine in determining risk based on kidney function.
Coresh, J. Decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate and subsequent risk of end-stage renal disease and mortality. GFR decline as an alternative end point to kidney failure in clinical trials: a meta-analysis of treatment effects from 37 randomized trials. Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration. Chronic Kidney Disease Prognosis Consortium.
Tangri, N. A predictive model for progression of chronic kidney disease to kidney failure. Multinational assessment of accuracy of equations for predicting risk of kidney failure: a meta-analysis. Predicting timing of clinical outcomes in patients with chronic kidney disease and severely decreased glomerular filtration rate.
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Gassman, J. Coresh J. Metabolomic profiling to improve glomerular filtration rate estimation: a proof-of-concept study. Freed T. Download references. The authors are grateful to J. You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar.
All authors contributed to ideas expressed in the manuscript. All co-authors contributed to critical revisions. Correspondence to Andrew S. L has received a grant from Siemens to Tufts Medical Centre outside of the submitted work. Nature Reviews Nephrology thanks L.
Dubourg, E. Porrini and P. Stevens for their contribution to the peer review of this work. Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Reprints and Permissions. Measured and estimated glomerular filtration rate: current status and future directions. Nat Rev Nephrol 16, 51—64 Download citation. Accepted : 26 July Published : 16 September Issue Date : January Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:.
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BMC Geriatrics Scientific Reports Current Urology Reports BMC Cardiovascular Disorders Hypertension Research Advanced search. Skip to main content Thank you for visiting nature. Subjects Diagnostic markers Kidney diseases Laboratory techniques and procedures Prognostic markers. Abstract Evaluation of glomerular filtration rate GFR is central to the assessment of kidney function in medical practice, research and public health. Access through your institution.
Buy or subscribe. Rent or Buy article Get time limited or full article access on ReadCube. References 1. PubMed Google Scholar 3. Google Scholar 5. Google Scholar 7. PubMed Google Scholar Google Scholar CAS Google Scholar PubMed Central Google Scholar Acknowledgements The authors are grateful to J. Levey View author publications. View author publications. In these patient groups the accuracy of cystatin C-based equations and equations based on the mean value of creatinine and cystatin C has not been adequately studied.
When impaired kidney function is suspected, using both creatinine and cystatin C in estimating GFR is probably more cost-effective than using only one of the methods. Laboratories should report estimated GFR, thereby giving the healthcare provider a measure of kidney function instead of reporting just the creatinine value, as done previously.
Swedish laboratories currently use several analytical methods and equations to estimate GFR. Greater uniformity is desirable. Analyses of cystatin C should be traceable to the international cystatin C calibrator. LM-rev is developed in Sweden and is at least as accurate as the above-mentioned equations. The Cockcroft-Gault creatinine-based equation is substantially less accurate and should not be used.
Endogenous creatinine clearance is still used to measure GFR. This method overestimates GFR and should be discontinued. Contact SBU.
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